Page 237 - 2020 Defence White Paper

32)
The BWC bans the
development, production,
and stockpiling of
biological weapons
including biological agents
and toxins (established
in 1975, holds 183 state
parties.)

33)
The CWC is a treaty that
prohibits the development,
Conference of Parties to the Chemical Weapons Regular chemical inspection performed by the MND production, stockpiling,
Convention (November 2019) (2019) use, and transfer of
chemical weapons, and
that requires state parties
to destroy all their chemical
responsibilities contributed greatly to the improvement in credibility and trans- weapons and related
facilities within 10 years
parency of the ROK. after the CWC enters into
force (established in 1997,
With regard to nuclear weapons, the ROK, as a member of major nuclear non- holds 193 state parties.)

proliferation regimes , has contributed to the international community’s non- 34)
29)
Including the "Act on the
proliferation efforts by steadily implementing the comprehensive safeguard Control of the Manufacture,
Export, and Import
agreement with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) 30) and by of Specific Chemical
Substances and Biological
exchanging information with the member states of the Nuclear Suppliers Group Agents for the Prohibition Chapter 6
(NSG) to prevent transfers of nuclear materials and technologies that can be of Chemical and Biological
31)
Weapons" (Chemical
used for military purposes. The MND has been maintaining close cooperative and Biological Weapons
Prohibition Act).
relations with other relevant agencies to support the ROK government’s nuclear non- 35)
proliferation policy. The Australia Group is
an export control regime
In the area of chemical and biological weapons, the ROK joined the Biological to prevent the spread of
chemical and biological
Weapons Convention (BWC) in 1987 and the Chemical Weapons Convention weapon-related materials,
32)
dual-use items, and
(CWC) in 1997, and enacted relevant laws for the domestic implementation of technologies to states
33)
34)
that may use and produce
these conventions. The MND is fulfilling its defense-related obligations through chemical and biological
weapons (established in
measures such as maintaining safety management systems by conducting regular 1985, holds 43 countries.)
inspections on military research institutes, and is sharing information on states of 36)
Provisions related to
proliferation concerns and acquiring the latest information and technologies by chemical and biological
agents as well as their
dispatching defense specialists to relevant international conferences. Since joining production, equipment,
the Australia Group (AG) in 1996, an export control regime for chemical and and technologies specified
35)
in the Foreign Trade
biological weapons non-proliferation, the MND and the DAPA have worked with the Act implement the AG’s
control requirements. The
relevant agencies including the Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy (MOTIE) to Public Notice on Trade of
Strategic Items designates
improve local laws for a more systematic implementation of export control measures. 36) all the items specified in the
AG control lists into control
Missile proliferation control is also important because WMD threats are lists. The revised Chemical
and Biological Weapons
directly related to missile capabilities that deliver them. Accordingly, the ROK Prohibition Act implements
the requirements of the
has proactively participated in international efforts to prevent the proliferation CWC, the BWC, and
the UN Security Council
of missiles by voluntarily joining export control regimes including the Missile Resolution 1540.

Chapter 6. Developing a Robust ROK–US Alliance that is Mutually Complementary and Promoting Defense Exchanges and Cooperation 235