Page 238 - 2020 Defence White Paper

Technology Control Regime (MTCR) in 2001 and the Hague Code of Conduct
37)
against Ballistic Missile Proliferation (HCOC) in 2002. The MND has dispatched
38)
defense specialists to relevant international conferences to suggest views on
37)
MTCR is an export control policy issues, and has thoroughly implemented relevant obligations including pre-
regime where member
states voluntarily control launch notifications and annual declaration submissions, thereby strengthening the
the spread of rockets
and UAV capable of transparency of ROK’s missile programs.
delivering WMDs as well
as related equipment and The international community’s non-proliferation activities have expanded to
technologies (established
in 1987, holds 35 member cover not only WMDs–including nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons–but
states.)
39)
also conventional arms. The member states of the Wassenaar Arrangement (WA)
38) have agreed on guidelines and lists to control transfers of conventional arms as
HCOC is a political
commitment, in which well as dual-use items and technologies, implemented them domestically, and
40)
states voluntarily subscribe
to, that sets a code of voluntarily shared information regarding the implementation. Since the ROK joined
conduct to prevent the
proliferation of ballistic the WA in 1996, the MND and the DAPA have reported weapons transfer semi-
missiles. It bans support
for the missile development annually to the WA Secretariat while actively participating in discussions on the
programs of countries that
may develop or acquire creation and revision of control lists to protect the ROK defense industry. The Arms
WMDs (established in
41)
2002, holds 143 member Trade Treaty (ATT) , which took effect in 2014, is the first legally binding single
states.)
treaty concerning conventional arms that control the transfers of seven categories
39)
42)
An export control regime of weapons systems , small arms, light firearms, and munitions parts. The ROK,
concerning conventional 43)
arms as well as dual-use an original signatory to the ATT, ratified the treaty in 2017. The MND and the
items and technologies DAPA are faithfully implementing related treaties in accordance with reinforced
(established in 1996, holds
42 member states.)
international standards and domestic laws and regulations. As a country that has
40) joined all four major international export control regimes , the ROK designates
44)
Items that have both
industrial and military and controls goods and technologies that require trade restrictions, such as export
applications.
permission requirement, as strategic items , in accordance with international
45)
41)
A treaty that establishes export control principles. In the process of approving exports, the MND closely
common standards to
regulate international trade consults with relevant government agencies on export-related military matters
in conventional arms to
prevent their illegal trade and on determining whether the importing country complies with export control
and use (established in
2014, holds 110 parties.) regulations. 46)
42) The ROK will actively participate in the international community’s non-proliferation
Includes battle tanks,
armored vehicles, large- efforts to contribute to regional stability and global peace while bolstering the
caliber artillery systems, foundation for international cooperation for security on the Korean Peninsula.
combat aircraft, attack
helicopters, warships,
missiles, and missile
launchers.
International The emergence of WMD and terrorism-
47)
43) Counter-proliferation Efforts related threats in the wake of the September
Major non-signatory to the
ATT include North Korea, 11 attacks in 2001 formed a consensus that
Russia, India, Pakistan,
and Indonesia. traditional methods, such as export controls, may have a limited effect in preventing
The US signed the ATT but
has not ratified it. the proliferation of WMDs. As a result, proactive counter-proliferation policies have

2020 Defense White Paper