Page 19 - 2020 Defence White Paper
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the military capabilities of allies and friendly nations by enhancing interoperability
               through combined drills in the region. The US is bolstering cooperation with            Chapter 1
               existing allies and partners, and seeking opportunities to cooperate with new partner
               countries. It is building an expanded security network by boosting smaller-scale
               multilateral cooperation, as seen in the ROK–US–Japan, US–Japan–Australia, and
               US–Japan–Australia–India relationships.
                 On the military front, the US is establishing an optimized Joint Forces Support
               System by developing the Joint Concept for Access and Maneuver in the Global
               Commons (JAM-GC). It is also implementing the Dynamic Force Employment,
               which increases the operational unpredictability and the strategic flexibility of
               strategic assets. Furthermore, the US continues its efforts to systematize joint
               operational concepts that reflect new operational requirements. This concept aims
               to integrate the military capabilities of each armed service by further dispersing
               the deployment of forces but connecting them with advanced battlefield networks,
               and is being pursued in the direction of encompassing the Army’s MDO , the Air
                                                                         16)
               Force’s ACE , the Navy’s DMO , and the Marine Corp’s EABO . Also, it is
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               continuing to pursue a multilayered missile defense system and is modernizing its
               nuclear capability triad consisting of Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs),
               Submarine-Launched Ballistic Missiles (SLBMs), and strategic bombers. The US
               has deployed advanced naval and air force assets in the Asia-Pacific region such as
               stealth fighters including the F-22 and the F-35, the P-8 Poseidon maritime patrol
               aircraft, Virginia-class nuclear submarines, unmanned underwater vehicles, and
               strategic bombers.
                 In December 2019, President Trump signed into law with bipartisan support
               from both the House of Representatives and the Senate the National Defense
               Authorization Act (NDAA) for Fiscal Year 2020, which compiled the largest
               defense budget ever. As such, the US has increased its defense budget every
               year since 2016 and consolidated the foundation for its pursuit of "peace through
               strength". The 2020 NDAA authorizes a USD 21 billion year-on-year increase in
               the defense budget, which amounts to USD 738 billion and represents about 3.3%
                                                                                     16)
               of the US Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the addition of 1,400 active-duty   Multi Domain Operations
               personnel while comprehensively addressing contents related to the strengthening   17)
               of military modernization and readiness posture, threat responses, support for   Agile Combat Employment
               allies and partners; and servicemember welfare issues. In particular, the NDAA   18)
                                                                                     Distributed Maritime
               reemphasizes the threats from China and Russia and recommends policies focusing   Operations
               on these threats while urging the materialization of the Indo-Pacific strategy in the   19)
                                                                                     Expeditionary Advanced
               perspective of responding to China.                                   Base Operations




                                                          Chapter 1.  Changes and Challenges in the Security Environment
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