Page 211 - 2018 Defense White Paper

As a country that has joined all four major international export control regimes, 45) the ROK

designates and controls goods and technologies that require trade restrictions, such as export
permission requirement, as strategic items, 46) in accordance with international export control
principles. In the process of approving exports, the MND closely consults relevant government

agencies on export-related military matters and determining whether the importing country
complies with export control regulations. 47)
The ROK will actively participate in the international community’s non-proliferation efforts to

contribute to regional stability and global peace while bolstering the foundation for international
cooperation for the security of the Korean Peninsula.

| International Counter-Proliferation Activities 48) | The emergence of WMD and terrorism-
related threats in the wake of the September 11 attacks in 2001 raised concerns that traditional
methods, such as export controls, may have limited effect in preventing the proliferation of
WMD. As a result, proactive counter-proliferation policies have emerged. 49) The Proliferation

Security Initiative (PSI) 50) led by the U.S. is one of the major counter-proliferation measures.
The MND has continuously cooperated with the international community to prevent the spread

of WMD and counter related threats.
The ROK government of f icially became a member of the PSI in 2009 to actively participate Chapter 5
in the international endeavor to prevent the proliferation of WMDs. In 2010, it joined the

45) The four major international export control regimes are the NSG, AG, MTCR, and WA. There are currently 30
“clean countries” that have joined all four regimes. In Asia, the ROK and Japan have.
46) These are items that international export control regimes have designated as subject to export controls. They
may include conventional arms, WMC, and missiles, as well as materials, software, and technology that can be
used to develop and produce them.
47) The DAPA makes final approvals for military-use strategic items because the duty has been delegated by the
MND
48) All kinds of efforts to protect their territories and people by reducing or eliminating the actual threats posed by
WMD or by deterring enemies’ desire to use them (counter-proliferation)
49) Non-proliferation focuses on preventing transfers of strategic items, while counter-proliferation involves physical
interceptions of resources such as materials and funds already in the transferring process.
50) These are international cooperative activities launched in June 2003 under the leadership of the United States
to prevent the international proliferation of WMD. Activities include information-sharing among member states,
a ban on the trade of WMC as well as their delivery systems and illegal weapons, and joint operations. (PSI:
Proliferation Security Initiative)

Section 3 Expansion of Defense Exchanges and Cooperation 209